Zgryźliwość kojarzy mi się z radością, która źle skończyła.
Clinics in Dermatology (2006) 24, 551–552
COSMETIC CAPER
Edited by Howard Epstein
Cosmetics preservation: sense and nonsense
Howard Epstein, MS
*
Kao Brands Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45214, USA
Microbial contamination of cosmetics was a major issue
during the 1960s and 1970s. Since that time, improved
preservatives and manufacturing procedures have been
developed. Current concerns are toxicologic studies sug-
gesting that some preservatives pose health risks to
consumers of cosmetic products.
So-called public interest groups have confounded safety
debates by publishing emotionally oriented (mis)informa-
tion, regarding interpretation of scientific and anecdotal
data. Two common examples of the controversy are
parabens and formaldehyde-donating preservatives. The
table below summarizes the issues.
Preservative
Issue
Resolution
Comments
Parabens
(eg, methyl,
propyl, butyl)
A 2004 study
published by
Darbre
detected
parabens in
breast tumors
In 1984, the Cosmetic Ingredient
Review reviewed the safety of
methyl, propyl, and butyl paraben.
In December of 2005, the Cosmetic
Ingredient Review reopened
the safety assessment for paraben(s).
The panel determined that
there was no need to change
the original assessme
The study by Darbre et al left many unanswered questions.
Estrogenic activity in the body is associated with certain forms of
breast cancer. Parabens have weak estrogen-like properties but have
less estrogenic activity than the body’s naturally occurring estrogen.
The study by Darbre et al did not show that parabens cause cancer or
that they are harmful in any way. The study did not look at possible
paraben levels in normal tissu
A 1998 study by Routledge et
und that the most potent
paraben tested in the study, butylparaben, showed from a 10,000- to
100,000-fold less activity than naturally occurring estradiol. The
author concluded that based on maximum daily exposure estimates,
it was implausible that parabens could increase the risk associated
with exposure to estrogenic chemicals.
DMDM
hydantoin,
diazolidinyl
urea, imidazo-
lidinyl urea,
formaldehyde,
quaternium-
15, 2-bromo-
2-nitropro
pane-1,3-diol
These
ingredients
are considered
formaldehyde-
releasing
preservativ
Cosmetic preservatives are not
significant sources of free
formaldehyde at the levels used
in cosmetics. Toxicologic studies
have indicated that cancer risks
associated with inhaled
formaldehyde are V10
6
at relevant human expos
Formaldehyde is normally present in indoor and outdoor air at
low levels, usually less than 0.03 ppm. Formaldehyde is used in
glue or adhesive in pressed wood products, preservatives in paints,
coatings, coatings in permanent press fabrics, and the finish on
coated paper and draperies. Burning wood, kerosene, and natural
gas release formaldehyde. Efforts have been made to reduce
formaldehyde released in the air. For most people, exposure to
formaldehyde at low level
o 0.1 ppm does not produce symptoms
of formaldehyde sensitivit
7
* Tel.: +1 513 455 5502; fax: +1 513 263 7502.
E-mail address: hepsteinskincare@yahoo.com.
0738-081X/$ – see front matter
D
2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.07.017
552
H. Epstein
Conclusions
2. Cosmetic Ingredient Review homepage.
http://www.cir-safety.org
[Accessed 7 July 2006].
3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for
Applied Nutrition Office of Cosmetics and Colors.
http://www.cfsan.
fda.gov/~dms/cos-para.html
[Accessed 2006 July 7].
4. Routledge EJ, Parker J, Odum J, et al. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate
preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1998;
153:12 - 9.
5. Rieger MM, Editor. Harry’s cosmeticology: preservatives, 8th ed.
New York
7
Chemical Publishing Co; 2000. p. 273 - 304.
6. Conolly RB, Kimbell JS, Janszen D, et al. Human respiratory tract
cancer risks of inhaled formaldehyde: dose-response predictions
derived from biologically-motivated computational modeling of a
combined rodent and human dataset. Toxicol Sci 2004;82:279 - 96.
7. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
1997 revision. CPSC Document #725.
http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/
pubs/725.html
[Accessed 2006 May 2].
Poorly reported scientific information by the media has
helped to develop confusion about the safety of commonly
used cosmetic preservatives. This has created growing
public concern. A review of various published studies,
combined with the long history of the use of products
containing these preservatives, suggest that there is little
reason for safety concerns at this time.
References
1. Darbre PD, Aljarrah A, Miller WR, et al. Concentration of parabens in
human breast tumors. J Appl Toxicol 2004;24:5 - 13.
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl hannaeva.xlx.pl
COSMETIC CAPER
Edited by Howard Epstein
Cosmetics preservation: sense and nonsense
Howard Epstein, MS
*
Kao Brands Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45214, USA
Microbial contamination of cosmetics was a major issue
during the 1960s and 1970s. Since that time, improved
preservatives and manufacturing procedures have been
developed. Current concerns are toxicologic studies sug-
gesting that some preservatives pose health risks to
consumers of cosmetic products.
So-called public interest groups have confounded safety
debates by publishing emotionally oriented (mis)informa-
tion, regarding interpretation of scientific and anecdotal
data. Two common examples of the controversy are
parabens and formaldehyde-donating preservatives. The
table below summarizes the issues.
Preservative
Issue
Resolution
Comments
Parabens
(eg, methyl,
propyl, butyl)
A 2004 study
published by
Darbre
detected
parabens in
breast tumors
In 1984, the Cosmetic Ingredient
Review reviewed the safety of
methyl, propyl, and butyl paraben.
In December of 2005, the Cosmetic
Ingredient Review reopened
the safety assessment for paraben(s).
The panel determined that
there was no need to change
the original assessme
The study by Darbre et al left many unanswered questions.
Estrogenic activity in the body is associated with certain forms of
breast cancer. Parabens have weak estrogen-like properties but have
less estrogenic activity than the body’s naturally occurring estrogen.
The study by Darbre et al did not show that parabens cause cancer or
that they are harmful in any way. The study did not look at possible
paraben levels in normal tissu
A 1998 study by Routledge et
und that the most potent
paraben tested in the study, butylparaben, showed from a 10,000- to
100,000-fold less activity than naturally occurring estradiol. The
author concluded that based on maximum daily exposure estimates,
it was implausible that parabens could increase the risk associated
with exposure to estrogenic chemicals.
DMDM
hydantoin,
diazolidinyl
urea, imidazo-
lidinyl urea,
formaldehyde,
quaternium-
15, 2-bromo-
2-nitropro
pane-1,3-diol
These
ingredients
are considered
formaldehyde-
releasing
preservativ
Cosmetic preservatives are not
significant sources of free
formaldehyde at the levels used
in cosmetics. Toxicologic studies
have indicated that cancer risks
associated with inhaled
formaldehyde are V10
6
at relevant human expos
Formaldehyde is normally present in indoor and outdoor air at
low levels, usually less than 0.03 ppm. Formaldehyde is used in
glue or adhesive in pressed wood products, preservatives in paints,
coatings, coatings in permanent press fabrics, and the finish on
coated paper and draperies. Burning wood, kerosene, and natural
gas release formaldehyde. Efforts have been made to reduce
formaldehyde released in the air. For most people, exposure to
formaldehyde at low level
o 0.1 ppm does not produce symptoms
of formaldehyde sensitivit
7
* Tel.: +1 513 455 5502; fax: +1 513 263 7502.
E-mail address: hepsteinskincare@yahoo.com.
0738-081X/$ – see front matter
D
2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.07.017
552
H. Epstein
Conclusions
2. Cosmetic Ingredient Review homepage.
http://www.cir-safety.org
[Accessed 7 July 2006].
3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for
Applied Nutrition Office of Cosmetics and Colors.
http://www.cfsan.
fda.gov/~dms/cos-para.html
[Accessed 2006 July 7].
4. Routledge EJ, Parker J, Odum J, et al. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate
preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1998;
153:12 - 9.
5. Rieger MM, Editor. Harry’s cosmeticology: preservatives, 8th ed.
New York
7
Chemical Publishing Co; 2000. p. 273 - 304.
6. Conolly RB, Kimbell JS, Janszen D, et al. Human respiratory tract
cancer risks of inhaled formaldehyde: dose-response predictions
derived from biologically-motivated computational modeling of a
combined rodent and human dataset. Toxicol Sci 2004;82:279 - 96.
7. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
1997 revision. CPSC Document #725.
http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/
pubs/725.html
[Accessed 2006 May 2].
Poorly reported scientific information by the media has
helped to develop confusion about the safety of commonly
used cosmetic preservatives. This has created growing
public concern. A review of various published studies,
combined with the long history of the use of products
containing these preservatives, suggest that there is little
reason for safety concerns at this time.
References
1. Darbre PD, Aljarrah A, Miller WR, et al. Concentration of parabens in
human breast tumors. J Appl Toxicol 2004;24:5 - 13.